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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Studying TGF-&#946; Signaling and TGF-&#946;-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

TGFbeta signalling: a complex web in cancer progression.

Hiroaki Ikushima1, Kohei Miyazono

  • 1Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling's dual role in tumor progression is complex. This review explores how cellular context and signaling balance influence TGF-beta's tumor-suppressing or promoting functions.

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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Studying TGF-&#946; Signaling and TGF-&#946;-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-&#946;-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Distorted growth factor signaling is crucial for tumor progression.
  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling plays a complex role in tumor development, acting as either a tumor suppressor or promoter based on cellular context.
  • TGF-beta signaling influences tumor progression through both tumor cell-autonomous mechanisms and tumor-stroma interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate mechanisms balancing TGF-beta signaling in cancer.
  • To elucidate how disruptions in TGF-beta signaling contribute to tumor progression.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-beta signaling in malignant tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TGF-beta signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of cellular context-dependent factors regulating TGF-beta.
  • Examination of the link between TGF-beta signaling collapse and tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • TGF-beta signaling's function (suppressive or promoting) is highly dependent on the cellular environment.
  • Numerous context-dependent factors maintain the delicate balance of TGF-beta signaling.
  • Dysregulation and collapse of this balance are key events in tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complexity of TGF-beta signaling is vital for developing effective cancer therapies.
  • Targeting the factors that maintain TGF-beta signaling balance offers promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into TGF-beta pathway regulation is needed for advanced cancer treatment strategies.