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Design Example: Automobile Ignition System01:14

Design Example: Automobile Ignition System

The automobile's ignition system plays a vital role by ensuring the timely ignition of the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. This ignition is facilitated by a spark plug, which is composed of two electrodes separated by an air gap. A spark forms across this air gap when a substantial voltage is generated between the electrodes, leading to the ignition of the fuel.
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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Recent Advances in Cigarette Ignition Propensity Research and Development.

Hillel R Alpert1, Richard J O'Connor, Ron Spalletta

  • 1Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Building, Floor 3E, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02135, Email: halpert@hsph.harvard.edu , Telephone: 617-998-1086.

Fire Technology
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette companies researched ignition propensity beyond new fire safety laws. Advances in understanding smoldering combustion and developing reduced ignition propensity cigarette designs show potential for fire loss reduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Sciences
  • Chemical Sciences
  • Engineering Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Industry Research

Background:

  • Cigarette companies have a long history of research and development in cigarette ignition propensity.
  • This research continued even after the recent legislation of fire safety standards for cigarettes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe recent scientific and technological advancements in cigarette ignition propensity.
  • To review developments based on a wide range of literature, patents, and industry documents.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of physical, chemical, and engineering sciences literature.
  • Analysis of public health and trade literature, U.S. and international patents.
  • Examination of research within tobacco industry document libraries.

Main Results:

  • Key parameters of cigarette smoldering combustion and substrate ignition are better understood.
  • New cigarette and paper wrapper designs (banded and non-banded) have been developed to reduce ignition propensity.
  • Advancements include improved toxicology assessment and performance measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Despite concerns about manufacturers' non-safety related aims, research indicates potential for alternative designs.
  • Market experience and existing technologies suggest a need for further improvement in cigarette fire safety.