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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Multiferroics with spiral spin orders.

Yoshinori Tokura1, Shinichiro Seki

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan. tokura@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored spiral-spin multiferroics, revealing novel magnetoelectric effects. These materials allow unprecedented control over polarization and spin helicity using magnetic and electric fields.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Magnetoelectric effects arise from cross-correlations between magnetism and electricity in solids.
  • Efficient coupling mechanisms are crucial for achieving significant magnetoelectric responses.
  • Spontaneous polarization in insulating helimagnets, mediated by spin-exchange and spin-orbit interactions, has emerged as a key area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe prototypical examples of spiral-spin multiferroics.
  • To demonstrate unconventional magnetoelectric control in these materials.
  • To investigate the relationship between spin helicity, polarization, and external fields.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of spin-exchange and spin-orbit interactions.
  • Characterization of prototypical spiral-spin multiferroic materials.
  • Experimental investigation of magnetic-field-induced polarization changes.
  • Experimental investigation of electric-field-induced spin helicity changes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated magnetic-field-induced changes in polarization direction and magnitude.
  • Showcased electric-field-induced changes in spin helicity and magnetic domain.
  • Established a link between polarization sign and spin helicity.
  • Highlighted the role of lattice symmetry in determining polarization direction.

Conclusions:

  • Spiral-spin multiferroics offer unique pathways for magnetoelectric control.
  • These materials exhibit unconventional responses to external fields, enabling novel functionalities.
  • Further research into these materials could lead to advanced applications in electronics and spintronics.