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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

General principles of chemotherapy.

E Ricevuto1, G Bruera, P Marchetti

  • 1Medical Oncology, S. Salvatore Hospital, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. enrico.ricevuto@univaq.it

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|May 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Medical cancer treatment has advanced significantly, but individualizing care for advanced solid tumors, especially metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC), using biomarkers remains a key challenge.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Medical cancer treatment has seen substantial progress over 50 years.
  • Advances stem from improved understanding of cancer biology, technology, and drug discovery.
  • Treatment strategies differ for early-stage versus advanced/metastatic cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of medical cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the progression of drug development through clinical trials.
  • To address the need for personalized treatment in advanced cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established medical treatment paradigms for solid tumors.
  • Analysis of clinical trial phases (I, II, III) for drug evaluation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

  • Examination of treatment strategies in early and advanced disease settings.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant improvements in treatment effectiveness have been achieved.
    • Integration of surgery with medical treatment enhances efficacy in some metastatic cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer).
    • Drug development follows a sequential process, requiring proven efficacy in advanced disease before adjuvant/neoadjuvant use.

    Conclusions:

    • Individualizing medical treatment based on prognostic and predictive biomarkers is crucial for advanced cancer patients.
    • This is particularly relevant for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC).
    • Further research into biomarker-guided therapy is warranted.