Qualitative study of oral health norms and behaviour among elderly people in Scotland

This study was undertaken to examine oral health norms and behaviour among elderly people in Scotland. Qualitative methodology in the form of informal group discussions was used. The study population comprised 9 groups of 6-8 respondents aged 65 years and over, selected according to the quota criteria of sex, social class, level of dependency and oral health status. All groups were recruited by a professional market research interviewer, using a random route procedure. Discussions were conducted under the guidance of an experienced group moderator and tape recorded. Each group discussion lasted between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 hours. The results showed that oral and denture hygiene was a sensitive issue and part of individual routine behaviour which most respondents were reluctant to change. Tooth loss was expected and accepted as part of a natural ageing process. Dental visits were regarded as problem-solving behaviour; self-care was preferred to professional care; non-attendance was explained by no perceived need, low interest, fear or expected high cost. Health was seen in an illness context or in a positive lifestyle context and not associated with oral health. The main conclusions were: oral health behaviour was characterised either as personal routine behaviour or as problem-solving behaviour. Tooth loss was expected. Oral health was perceived as unrelated to general health. The elderly saw no incentive or reason to change these norms and behaviours.