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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

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Published on: July 14, 2023

Social deprivation and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Sujoy Ghosh1, Andrew Collier, David Clark

  • 1Department of General Medicine, The Ayr Hospital, National Health Service, Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland, UK. drsujoyghosh@rediffmail.com

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|May 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Socioeconomic deprivation is linked to a higher prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study found that individuals in the most deprived areas had a significantly increased risk of developing PHPT.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Published on: July 14, 2023

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder.
  • The influence of socioeconomic factors on PHPT prevalence is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between socioeconomic status and PHPT incidence.
  • To investigate if social deprivation impacts the risk of developing PHPT.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using the Scottish Morbidity Records database (1981-2007).
  • Analysis of 3,039 PHPT patients.
  • Utilized the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 quintiles based on postal codes.

Main Results:

  • A significant deviation from expected PHPT distribution across SIMD quintiles was observed (P<.0001).
  • Patients in the most deprived quintile represented 27.2% of the PHPT cohort, exceeding the expected 20%.
  • Patients in the least deprived quintile represented only 14.5% of the PHPT cohort, lower than the expected 20%.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of PHPT.
  • Deprivation may be a significant risk factor for developing primary hyperparathyroidism.