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Updated: Jun 12, 2026
A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
Published on: October 24, 2017
[Estimate of birth weight using two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography]
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza1, Edward Araújo Junior, Marcio Fragoso Vieira
1Departamento de Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, SP. lunardozza@uol.com.br
Objective:
Assess and compare accuracy of birth weight prediction using a combination of two-dimensional (abdominal circumference - AC and femur length - FL) and three-dimensional parameters (fetal arm -VolArm and thigh -VolTh volumes).
Methods:
A cross sectional study was carried out involving 78 singleton, live, euploid fetuses without structural malformations born within 48 hours after ultrasonography. VolArm and VolTh were obtained by three-dimensional ultrasound using the multiplanar mode at 5 mm intervals. AC and FL were measured by two-dimensional ultrasound. Linear and polynomial regressions were calculated to determine the best formula to predict birth weight using VolArm, VolTh , CA and FL. ANOVA was used to compare errors in birth weight prediction using this formula and those obtained using the Shepard and Hadlock formulae.
Results:
The best formula for prediction of birth weight was a simple linear regression (Weight = -1486.1 + 60.5AC + 140.57FL + 16.6VolArm + 4.8VolTh), R2= 0.932. The error (E), absolute error (AE), percent error (PE) and absolute percent error (APE) for this new formula were 0 g, 0.2%, 112.2 g and 3.7%. This new formula had smaller E, AE, PE and APE than the Shepard formula and smaller AE and APE than Hadlock s formula.
Conclusion:
A formula using VolArm, VolTh, AC and FL was more accurate for prediction of birth weight than formulae using only two-dimensional parameters.
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