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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:41

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Published on: March 10, 2023

Ectopic thyroid presenting as a gallbladder mass.

Kuo Liang1, Jia Feng Liu, Yue Hua Wang

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the gallbladder wall is an extremely rare finding, often discovered incidentally during gallbladder surgery. This case highlights a rare presentation of ectopic thyroid tissue as a gallbladder mass.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue arises from developmental abnormalities in thyroid gland embryogenesis and migration.
  • Thyroid tissue in the gallbladder wall is exceptionally rare, with only two prior documented instances since 1969.
  • Previous cases were incidental findings during cholecystectomy for inflammatory gallbladder disease.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old woman presented with a gallbladder mass.
  • The patient underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed ectopic thyroid tissue within the gallbladder wall.

Findings:

  • The gallbladder mass was identified as ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • This represents a rare occurrence of thyroid tissue within the gallbladder wall.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of ectopic thyroid tissue presentations.
  • Highlights the importance of histopathological examination for unexpected findings during surgery.
  • Contributes to the limited literature on gallbladder wall ectopic thyroid tissue.