Phenotyping of apolipoprotein E by immunoblotting in immobilized pH gradients

An immunoblotting method for the determination of apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotypes has been developed. Delipidated plasma proteins are focused in an immobilized pH gradient, and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. ApoE isomorphs are identified by immunoperoxidase staining. The method allows reproducible assignment of apoE phenotypes without isolation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Only small amounts of serum are required. There are several important steps in the procedure: (i) delipidation is indispensable, (ii) carrier ampholytes have to be added to the gels and to the sample buffer, and, (iii) on immunostaining, polyvinylidene difluoride membranes provide an excellent signal-to-background ratio.