Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genome-wide tandem repeat expansions modify schizophrenia risk in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Deletion size and background genetic variation shape congenital heart disease phenotypes in 3,016 individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Transcription and potential functions of a novel <i>XIST</i> isoform in male peripheral glia.

Genome research·2025
Same author

Prevalence and Spectrum of Congenital Heart Disease in Individuals With Distal Chromosome 22q11.22-23 Deletions.

Clinical genetics·2025
Same author

Influence of Polygenic Risk on Height and BMI in Adults With a 22q11.2 Microdeletion.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2025
Same author

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on endoscopic images: a national, multicentre, model development and validation study.

The Lancet. Digital health·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis
07:40

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis

Published on: January 4, 2017

Mesodermal Tbx1 is required for patterning the proximal mandible in mice.

Vimla S Aggarwal1, Courtney Carpenter, Laina Freyer

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Developmental Biology
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Tbx1 in the non-neural crest mesoderm is crucial for proper lower jaw (mandible) development. Its deletion disrupts key signaling pathways, leading to mandibular defects in mouse embryos.

More Related Videos

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis
07:40

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis

Published on: January 4, 2017

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
12:59

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics
  • Craniofacial development

Background:

  • Mandibular defects are common, occurring alone or with genetic syndromes.
  • Understanding mandible development is key to human malformation insights.
  • The mandible forms from the first pharyngeal arch's mandibular process (MdPA1).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of non-neural crest MdPA1 core mesoderm in mandible patterning.
  • Determine the function of Tbx1 in mesoderm during jaw development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with mesoderm-specific Tbx1 deletion.
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns (Fgf8, Bmp4, downstream effectors) at embryonic day E10.5.
  • Assessed cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Mesoderm-specific Tbx1 deletion caused proximal mandible formation defects.
  • Gene expression of Fgf8, Bmp4, and downstream effectors was altered.
  • No significant changes in cell proliferation or apoptosis were observed at E10.5.

Conclusions:

  • Non-neural crest core mesoderm, specifically mesodermal Tbx1, plays a novel role in mandible patterning.
  • Tbx1 influences the expression of crucial signaling molecules during jaw development.