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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Associative Learning01:27

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
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Published on: July 21, 2021

Neural basis of conditional cooperation.

Shinsuke Suzuki1, Kazuhisa Niki, Syoken Fujisaki

  • 1Laboratory of Integrated Theoretical Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. shinsuke@adds.co.jp

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conditional cooperation, where individuals cooperate only with those who cooperate, is explained by cognitive inhibition. This brain mechanism, particularly in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, helps manage the motivation to cooperate with non-cooperative individuals.

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Published on: October 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Cooperation among non-relatives is crucial for society but poorly understood.
  • Conditional cooperation, a strategy of reciprocating cooperation, is theoretically viable and empirically observed.
  • Previous research suggests psychological and economic underpinnings of conditional cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of conditional cooperation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To examine brain activity during interactions with varying levels of opponent cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma game.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in Prisoner's Dilemma games against cooperative, neutral, and non-cooperative simulated opponents.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity during these interactions.
  • Behavioral data on cooperation frequency and neural activation patterns were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited higher cooperation rates with cooperative and neutral opponents compared to non-cooperative ones.
  • Increased activation was observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), a region associated with cognitive inhibition.
  • This heightened dlPFC activation was particularly pronounced when participants faced non-cooperative opponents.

Conclusions:

  • Conditional cooperation behavior is significantly influenced by cognitive control mechanisms.
  • The right dlPFC plays a critical role in inhibiting the impulse to cooperate with non-cooperative individuals.
  • Cognitive inhibition of the motivation to cooperate with non-cooperators appears to be a key driver of conditional cooperation strategies.