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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

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Isolation of Stem-like Cells from 3-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures
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Prostate stem cell antigen: a Jekyll and Hyde molecule?

Norihisa Saeki1, Jian Gu, Teruhiko Yoshida

  • 1Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell surface protein implicated in various cancers. Its dual role as a tumor promoter or suppressor depends on the cellular context, offering diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a GPI-anchored cell surface protein with largely unknown physiological functions.
  • PSCA expression is elevated in prostate, bladder, and pancreatic cancers, correlating with advanced stages and metastasis.
  • Conversely, PSCA is downregulated in esophageal and gastric cancers, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role in these tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of PSCA in normal and cancerous cells.
  • To explore PSCA's potential as a diagnostic biomarker, prognostic indicator, and therapeutic target in various malignancies.
  • To investigate the implications of genetic variations in PSCA on cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PSCA expression patterns in different cancer types.
  • Correlation studies between PSCA expression levels and clinical parameters (stage, metastasis).
  • Investigation of PSCA's role in intracellular signaling and tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • PSCA is upregulated in prostate, bladder, and pancreatic cancers, linked to poor prognosis.
  • PSCA demonstrates potential as a target for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
  • PSCA downregulation in gastric cancer suggests a tumor-suppressive function, with genetic variations increasing gastric and bladder cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • PSCA exhibits context-dependent functions, acting as both a tumor promoter and suppressor.
  • PSCA holds significant potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target across multiple cancer types.
  • Further research into PSCA's Jekyll and Hyde nature is warranted to fully understand its pathological implications.