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Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
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Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Maintaining Biological Cultures and Measuring Gene Expression in Aphis nerii: A Non-model System for Plant-insect Interactions
07:20

Maintaining Biological Cultures and Measuring Gene Expression in Aphis nerii: A Non-model System for Plant-insect Interactions

Published on: August 31, 2018

Why are there so few aphid clones?

H D Loxdale1, B Massonnet, W W Weisser

  • 1Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Hugh.Loxdale@uni-jena.de

Bulletin of Entomological Research
|May 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Aphid populations, particularly Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Metopeurum fuscoviride, are predominantly composed of unique genetic individuals rather than large clonal groups. This finding challenges assumptions about aphid clonal reproduction and migratory behavior.

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Assessment of Aphidicidal Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Parthenogenetic Insect, Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Aphids are significant components of aerial plankton in Europe during the growing season.
  • Individual aphid flight behavior and migratory range are species-specific.
  • Many aphid species are assumed to originate from single asexual foundresses, leading to clonal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clonal structure of two specialist aphid species, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Metopeurum fuscoviride, found on Tansy in Jena, Germany.
  • To analyze microsatellite data to determine the frequency of unique genotypes versus clonal repeats.
  • To compare findings with previous studies on M. tanacetaria and the Grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, to assess broader patterns in aphid populations.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of aphid samples from Tansy plants in Jena, Germany.
  • Analysis of aphid genetic material using microsatellite markers to identify multilocus genotypes (MLGs).
  • Statistical analysis of MLG frequencies to determine the distribution of unique genotypes and clonal repeats.

Main Results:

  • A negative exponential relationship was observed between the number of MLGs and their frequency of occurrence for both studied aphid species.
  • Populations primarily consisted of unique MLGs or low-copy number repeats, indicating limited clonal expansion.
  • Similar patterns were observed in previously collected data from M. tanacetaria and Sitobion avenae, collected in Germany and the UK respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Aphid populations, contrary to common assumptions, may exhibit a higher degree of genetic diversity and lower clonal structure than previously thought.
  • The findings suggest that unique genotypes are more prevalent than extensive clonal lineages in the studied aphid species.
  • This research provides insights into aphid life cycles, behavior, and ecology by linking molecular genetic data to population structure.