Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...

Regulation of Heart Rates

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Anatomical and functional pathways of rhythmogenic inspiratory premotor information flow originating in the pre-Bötzinger complex in the rat medulla.

Neuroscience·2014

Same author

The effects of repetitive compression on nerve conduction and blood flow in the rabbit sciatic nerve.

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume·2010

Same author

Changes in duodenal motility produced by noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin in rats.

Neuroscience letters·2009

Same author

Large scale replication analysis of loci associated with lipid concentrations in a Japanese population.

Journal of medical genetics·2009

Same author

Blockade of Angiotensin II type-1 receptor reduces oxidative stress in adipose tissue and ameliorates adipocytokine dysregulation.

Kidney international·2006

Same author

Identification of Ki23819, a highly potent inhibitor of kinase activity of mutant FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase.

Leukemia·2005

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies

Published on: May 24, 2021

Endothelin-1 modulates cardiorespiratory control by the central nervous system.

T Kuwaki¹, N Koshiya, N Terui

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan.

Neurochemistry International

|May 28, 2010

Summary

Intracisternal endothelin-1 significantly impacts cardiorespiratory control in rats, affecting arterial pressure, heart rate, and nerve activity. The ventral medulla plays a key role in mediating these potent central nervous system effects.

More Related Videos

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies

Published on: May 24, 2021

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cardiovascular Physiology
Respiratory Physiology

Background:

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide.
Its role in central cardiorespiratory regulation is not fully understood.
Central nervous system modulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of intracisternal endothelin-1 on cardiorespiratory parameters in rats.
To identify the specific brain regions involved in endothelin-1's central effects.
To elucidate the role of the ventral medullary surface in endothelin-1-mediated responses.

Main Methods:

Urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, and artificially ventilated rats were used.
Intracisternal injections of endothelin-1 were administered at varying doses.
Topical application to the ventral medulla and other brain sites was performed.
Arterial pressure, heart rate, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and phrenic nerve activity were monitored.

Main Results:

Intracisternal endothelin-1 caused dose-dependent biphasic changes in arterial pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity.
Phrenic nerve activity initially increased then decreased, sometimes disappearing completely.
Topical application to the ventral medulla mimicked intracisternal effects, but other sites did not.
Arterial pressure occasionally remained depressed for extended periods.

Conclusions:

Intracisternally administered endothelin-1 modulates central cardiorespiratory control.
The ventral surface of the medulla is crucial for mediating these effects.
Endothelin-1 exerts a particularly powerful influence on central respiratory control.