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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

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Application of micro-FTIR imaging in the Earth sciences.

G Della Ventura¹, F Bellatreccia, A Marcelli

¹Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche, Università Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy. dellaven@uniroma3.it

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|May 28, 2010

Summary

Micro-infrared imaging, specifically Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, reveals volatile element zoning in geological samples. This advanced technique offers new insights into mineral formation and evolution.

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Area of Science:

Earth Sciences
Geochemistry
Mineralogy

Background:

Micro-infrared imaging offers advanced analytical capabilities for geological materials.
Characterizing volatile species (H and C) is crucial for understanding mineral genesis and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail recent applications of micro-infrared imaging in Earth sciences.
To demonstrate the utility of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for analyzing geological samples.

Main Methods:

Utilized Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for micro-analytical investigations.
Applied FTIR imaging to study microporous minerals, nominally anhydrous volcanic minerals (NAMs), and crystal inclusions.
Employed focal-plane-array (FPA) detectors to assess imaging resolution.

Main Results:

FTIR imaging successfully detected zoning of volatile species (H and C) in geological samples.
Observed potential configuration changes of structurally-bound carbon species (CO(2) vs CO(3)) during crystal growth.
Achieved near-diffraction-limit resolution with FPA detectors when target molecule concentrations differed significantly.

Conclusions:

FTIR imaging provides unique insights into volatile speciation and zoning, inaccessible by other micro-analytical techniques.
This method yields critical information on physicochemical constraints during sample genesis and geological system evolution.
FTIR imaging is a promising tool for in-situ investigations under non-ambient conditions.