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Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

A role for borg5 during trophectoderm differentiation.

Queenie P Vong¹, Zhonghua Liu, Jae Gyu Yoo

¹Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)

|May 28, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Borg5 (binder of Rho guanosine 5'-triphosphatase 5) regulates cell shape changes and movement during mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into trophectoderm (TE). This protein is crucial for proper blastocyst formation and links cell morphogenesis to transcriptional changes.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Stem Cell Research

Background:

Stem cell differentiation involves coordinated changes in cell shape and gene expression.
Understanding morphological regulators is key to deciphering developmental processes.
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide a model for studying early differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify morphological regulators controlling cell behavior during ESC differentiation.
To elucidate the role of Borg5 in trophectoderm (TE) cell morphogenesis and differentiation.
To investigate the link between cell morphogenesis and transcriptional changes in TE development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cellular behavior during mouse ESC differentiation.
Investigating the interaction of Borg5 with Cdc42 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC).
Observing Borg5 localization and expression in developing mouse embryos (morula and blastocysts).
Assessing the impact of Borg5 reduction on blastocyst formation.

Main Results:

Borg5 upregulation enhances actin protrusion and motility during ESC to TE differentiation.
Borg5 functions downstream of Cdc42 to promote TE cell motility and sorting.
Borg5 localizes to cell-cell contacts and cytoplasm in developing embryos, with higher levels in outer cells.
Borg5 reduction disrupts aPKC localization and impairs blastocyst formation.
Borg5 and Cdx2 expression are mutually facilitative during TE differentiation.

Conclusions:

Borg5 is a critical regulator of TE cell morphogenesis and motility during ESC differentiation.
Borg5 couples cell shape changes with transcriptional regulation to control TE development.
ESC differentiation models are valuable for discovering novel regulators of embryonic development.