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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Published on: October 24, 2017

Multi- to unilamellar transitions in catanionic vesicles.

Patrizia Andreozzi1, Sergio S Funari, Camillo La Mesa

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|May 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Catanionic vesicles formed from sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) exhibit a critical temperature-induced size reduction and transition to a stable unilamellar state, offering tunable properties for drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Catanionic vesicles, formed by mixing oppositely charged surfactants like sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), are promising for applications in gene therapy and drug delivery.
  • The properties of these vesicles, including charge, stability, and interaction capabilities, are highly dependent on their composition (SDS/CTAB mole ratio).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between composition, net charge, temperature sensitivity, vesicle size, and internal structure of SDS/CTAB catanionic vesicles.
  • To uncover the nanoscale phenomena governing the behavior of these catanionic systems under thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of catanionic vesicles using various SDS/CTAB mole ratios.
  • Characterization using dynamic light scattering (DLS) for size analysis.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for structural elucidation.
  • Zeta-potential measurements to determine surface charge.

Main Results:

  • An unexpected nanoscale critical phenomenon was observed upon heating.
  • Vesicles initially increased in size with temperature, followed by an abrupt reduction in size at a critical temperature.
  • A transition from a multi- to a unilamellar state occurred at the critical temperature, which was dependent on the SDS/CTAB ratio.
  • The resulting unilamellar vesicles demonstrated long-term stability (weeks).

Conclusions:

  • SDS/CTAB catanionic vesicles exhibit a thermally induced transition to stable, unilamellar structures.
  • This phenomenon provides a novel method for producing stable unilamellar vesicles with controllable size and surface charge.
  • The findings have significant implications for advancing drug delivery and gene therapy technologies.