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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
07:55

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

Novel betaherpesvirus in bats.

Shumpei Watanabe1, Ken Maeda, Kazuo Suzuki

  • 1The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|May 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Scientists identified a new bat betaherpesvirus 2 using a modified rapid sequencing system. This method is effective for discovering unknown viruses, crucial for understanding bat-associated zoonoses.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
07:55

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

Pan-lyssavirus Real Time RT-PCR for Rabies Diagnosis
06:25

Pan-lyssavirus Real Time RT-PCR for Rabies Diagnosis

Published on: July 10, 2019

Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses
08:10

Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

Published on: May 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Bat Ecology

Background:

  • Bats are reservoirs for emerging zoonotic diseases.
  • Identifying novel viruses in bats is critical for public health.
  • Existing detection methods may not identify all bat viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel viruses in bats.
  • To evaluate a modified rapid determination system for viral sequence identification.
  • To improve the detection of unknown bat viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified rapid determination system for viral RNA/DNA sequencing.
  • Applied the system to bat samples.
  • Compared results with conventional herpesvirus consensus PCR.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified a novel bat betaherpesvirus 2.
  • The novel virus was not detected by standard herpesvirus consensus PCR.
  • The modified system demonstrated efficacy in detecting unknown viruses.

Conclusions:

  • A novel bat betaherpesvirus 2 has been identified.
  • The modified rapid determination system is a valuable tool for discovering novel viruses in bats.
  • This advancement aids in the surveillance of potential zoonotic threats from bats.