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Improving student critical thinking skills through a root cause analysis pilot project.

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Nursing students successfully conducted root cause analyses (RCA) on clinical indicators. This pilot project improved nursing practice and documentation, demonstrating the value of integrating RCA into senior-level education.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Education
  • Quality Improvement in Healthcare
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice guide nursing curricula.
  • Integrating practical quality improvement tools like root cause analysis (RCA) is an exemplar within these essentials.
  • There is a need to implement and evaluate such practical experiences in senior-level nursing courses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To pilot a root cause analysis (RCA) project for senior nursing students in a Leadership and Management course.
  • To align the curriculum with the Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice.
  • To assess the effectiveness of student-led RCA in identifying areas for clinical and documentation improvement.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot project was developed and implemented at the University of Michigan School of Nursing.
  • Senior nursing students collaborated with faculty and University Health System liaisons.
  • Students conducted an RCA focusing on nursing-sensitive indicators such as pain assessment and plan of care compliance.

Main Results:

  • Student teams identified specific root causes for identified issues in clinical practice and documentation.
  • Actionable recommendations for improvement were developed by student teams.
  • Positive feedback from both unit liaisons and students indicated the pilot project's success.

Conclusions:

  • The pilot RCA project successfully integrated a key quality improvement methodology into baccalaureate nursing education.
  • Student participation in RCA provided valuable insights into clinical and documentation practices.
  • The project demonstrated a feasible and effective method for enhancing nursing students' quality improvement skills.