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A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

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Biological nutrient removal from leachate using a pilot liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (LSCFB).

Ahmed Eldyasti¹, Nabin Chowdhury, George Nakhla

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|June 1, 2010

Summary

The liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (LSCFB) effectively treats landfill leachate, achieving high removal rates for COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This innovative biological treatment method demonstrates commercial viability for leachate management.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Bioreactor Design

Background:

Landfill leachate presents significant treatment challenges due to toxicity, high ammonia, low biodegradability, and a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.
Conventional biological treatment methods often struggle with these complex leachate characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability and commercial viability of an integrated liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (LSCFB) for landfill leachate treatment.
To optimize carbon and nutrient removal efficiency using specific media and contact times.

Main Methods:

A pilot-scale LSCFB with anoxic and aerobic columns was established using lava rock media (600 µm, 61% porosity).
Experiments were conducted at varying empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 0.55, 0.49, and 0.41 days.
Performance was assessed based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus removal efficiencies.

Main Results:

The LSCFB achieved high removal efficiencies: 85% for COD, 80% for nitrogen, and 70% for phosphorus.
Effluent quality met sewer by-law requirements with levels below 35 mg SBOD/L, <35 mg NH4-N/L, and <1.0 mg PO4-P/L.
Low sludge yields (0.13-0.16 g VSS/g COD) were observed at long biological solids retention times (31-44 days).

Conclusions:

The LSCFB demonstrates superior performance compared to upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) systems for leachate treatment.
The LSCFB is a reliable and commercially viable technology for treating challenging landfill leachate.
The bioreactor design and operational parameters facilitate efficient nutrient and organic matter removal.