Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retrograde transduction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra of the rhesus monkey.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Temporal-orbitofrontal pathway regulates choices across physical reward and visual novelty.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Discovery of Fluorinated Ultrapotent Chemogenetic Ligands for PET Imaging and Neural Modulation in Nonhuman Primates.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

In vivo quantitative assessments with [<sup>11</sup>C]T-278, a PET imaging agent for diacylglycerol kinase gamma, in nonhuman primate brain.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Retrograde transduction of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra of rhesus monkey.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Enhanced neural plasticity in monkey TE compared to TEO during learning of a feature-ambiguous visual categorization task.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Dynamic coordination and segregation mechanisms in higher cortex for parallel task processing.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Higher-order thalamic bursts are drivers of attention control.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Composing trajectories for rapid inference of navigational goals.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Peri-head distance coding in the mouse brainstem.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

A two-timepoint framework for sensitive and specific single-cell activity screening.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

From first impressions to bonds: The neural dynamics of social relationships.

Neuron·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Monkeys quickly learn and generalize visual categories without lateral prefrontal cortex.

Takafumi Minamimoto1, Richard C Saunders, Barry J Richmond

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. minamoto@nirs.go.jp

Neuron
|June 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual categorization, the ability to distinguish object groups, occurs early in the brain, likely in temporal cortex, not the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). This process happens rapidly without explicit instruction in both normal and LPFC-lesioned monkeys.

More Related Videos

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations
12:27

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Categorization is a fundamental cognitive process for distinguishing between object types, crucial for survival (e.g., nutrients vs. poisons).
  • Previous monkey studies implicated the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in learning and processing visual categories.
  • Human studies show category-specific visual agnosia after inferior temporal cortex damage, not LPFC damage, suggesting a different neural basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural locus of visual categorization, specifically the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC).
  • To determine if LPFC is necessary for rapid, implicit learning and generalization of visual categories.

Main Methods:

  • A novel behavioral paradigm was employed with both normal monkeys and monkeys with bilateral LPFC removal.
  • Monkeys were tested on their ability to learn and generalize perceptual categories of related visual stimuli without explicit instruction.

Main Results:

  • Both normal monkeys and those with LPFC removal demonstrated rapid learning and generalization of visual categories.
  • Performance was achieved without explicit instructions, indicating an implicit learning process.
  • The results suggest that LPFC is not essential for this form of visual categorization.

Conclusions:

  • Visual categorization, particularly perceptual categorization of visual stimuli, appears to occur at an earlier stage of feed-forward processing, likely within the temporal cortex.
  • Top-down information processing from the LPFC is not required for rapid, implicit visual categorization.
  • These findings challenge the traditional view of LPFC's role in visual category learning and processing.