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Vitamin D: metabolism.

Sylvia Christakos¹, Dare V Ajibade, Puneet Dhawan

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. christak@umdnj.edu

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

|June 1, 2010

Summary

Vitamin D hydroxylases regulate the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), impacting mineral balance and immune function. Modulating these enzymes offers therapeutic potential for bone and immune diseases.

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Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Endocrinology
Immunology

Background:

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), is crucial for mineral homeostasis and has diverse physiological roles.
Vitamin D hydroxylases are key enzymes responsible for producing 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D hydroxylases.
To discuss the role of extrarenal 1alpha-hydroxylase in specific tissues.
To explore the implications of hydroxylase regulation in aging and chronic kidney disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review of vitamin D metabolism and enzyme regulation.
Discussion of extrarenal vitamin D activation pathways.
Analysis of regulatory factors affecting vitamin D hydroxylases.

Main Results:

Vitamin D hydroxylases tightly control the supply of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).
Extrarenal 1alpha-hydroxylase plays significant roles in the placenta and macrophages.
Regulation of these enzymes is altered in aging and chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions:

Understanding vitamin D hydroxylase regulation is vital for comprehending vitamin D's physiological effects.
Targeting these enzymes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for bone loss and immune disorders.
Selective modulation of vitamin D hydroxylases holds promise for treating various diseases.