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Related Concept Videos

The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells
10:21

Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells

Published on: September 16, 2020

Probabilistic density maps to study global endomembrane organization.

Kristine Schauer1, Tarn Duong, Kevin Bleakley

  • 1Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Curie, Laboratory Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Paris, France. kristine.schauer@curie.fr <kristine.schauer@curie.fr>

Nature Methods
|June 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We created a new imaging method to map the 3D organization of cell membranes. This technique reveals how proteins like endosomes and the Golgi apparatus are arranged, aiding the study of intracellular transport.

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16:43

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Published on: February 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding the precise 3D spatial organization of intracellular membrane systems is crucial for deciphering cellular functions.
  • Previous methods lacked the resolution and scope to map multiple endomembrane populations simultaneously in a standardized manner.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computational imaging approach for high-resolution 3D mapping of endomembrane organization.
  • To establish a standardized cell model based on endomembrane density maps.
  • To investigate the impact of cellular geometry and cytoskeleton on intracellular trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Micromanipulation-normalized mammalian cells were used to generate probabilistic density maps of endomembrane populations.
  • Computational imaging techniques were applied to map the spatial distribution of early endosomes, multivesicular bodies/lysosomes, ER exit sites, Golgi apparatus, and transport carriers.
  • The influence of cellular adhesion geometry and cytoskeleton disruption on endomembrane organization was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The approach revealed well-defined, unique, and reproducible steady-state organization for multiple endomembrane populations.
  • Cellular adhesion geometry was found to influence the spatial organization of some endomembranes.
  • Subtle, statistically significant changes in endomembrane organization were detected upon cytoskeleton disruption, even with small cell numbers (20 cells).

Conclusions:

  • The developed computational imaging and density mapping approach provides a powerful tool for systematic studies of intracellular trafficking.
  • This method enables the construction of standardized cell models for reproducible biological research.
  • The findings highlight the interplay between cellular architecture, cytoskeleton, and the spatial organization of endomembranes.