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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
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Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function.

Vinod Menon1, Lucina Q Uddin

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94304, USA. menon@stanford.edu

Brain Structure & Function
|June 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The insula brain region acts as a hub, detecting salient events and directing attention. This salience network, involving the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, guides behavior by prioritizing relevant stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The insula is recognized for roles in interoception, emotion, and empathy.
  • Emerging network analyses highlight the anterior insula's involvement in cognitive control and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a network model where the anterior insula serves as a hub for integrating internally and externally oriented brain networks.
  • To elucidate the insula's function in detecting salient events and initiating control signals.

Main Methods:

  • Network analysis of brain structures.
  • Development of a theoretical model of insula function within the salience network.

Main Results:

  • The anterior insula acts as a critical hub, mediating interactions between large-scale brain networks.
  • The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex form a salience network crucial for segregating relevant stimuli.
  • Insula function is explained by bottom-up salience detection, network switching, autonomic modulation, and motor system interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed salience network model offers a parsimonious explanation for diverse insula functions in neurotypical adults.
  • This framework may illuminate the neural underpinnings of affective and social cognitive disorders.