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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Advances in HIV laboratory testing.

Dominic E Dwyer1

  • 1Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital. dominic_dwyer@wmi.usyd.edu.au

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin
|June 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory tests for diagnosing HIV infection detect antibodies and antigens. Advanced nucleic acid tests monitor viral load and drug resistance, improving HIV management. Quality assurance ensures reliable HIV testing.

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Published on: September 26, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical diagnostics
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Laboratory tests are crucial for diagnosing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • Current diagnostic strategies involve detecting HIV-specific antibodies and the p24 antigen.
  • Western blot assays are used for confirmatory diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnostic approaches for HIV infection.
  • To highlight the role of advanced molecular tests in managing established HIV.
  • To emphasize the importance of quality assurance in HIV testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory diagnostic methods for HIV.
  • Description of antibody-antigen combination screening assays.
  • Explanation of confirmatory Western blot technique.
  • Overview of nucleic acid tests (NATs) for HIV RNA load and resistance mutations.

Main Results:

  • Readily available laboratory tests enable accurate HIV diagnosis.
  • Nucleic acid tests significantly aid in managing established HIV infection.
  • Detection of HIV RNA load and drug resistance mutations is facilitated by NATs.
  • Quality assurance programs maintain high performance standards for HIV assays.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive laboratory testing strategies are available for HIV diagnosis and management.
  • Nucleic acid testing represents a significant advancement in monitoring HIV infection and guiding treatment.
  • Robust quality assurance is essential for the reliability of all HIV diagnostic assays.