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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Direct Observation and Automated Measurement of Stomatal Responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Stomata and pathogens: Warfare at the gates.

Gustavo E Gudesblat¹, Pablo S Torres, Adrian A Vojnov

¹Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Dr. Cesar Milstein, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Plant Signaling & Behavior

|June 2, 2010

Summary

Plant stomata, part of the innate immune response, close upon detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Some pathogens, like Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), have evolved ways to bypass this crucial plant defense mechanism.

Keywords:

DSF arabidopsis plant defense rpf genes stomata xanthomonas

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Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging

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Published on: October 2, 2010

Area of Science:

Plant pathology
Plant immunity
Microbial pathogenesis

Background:

Stomatal closure, triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), is a key plant innate immune mechanism.
Pathogens have evolved strategies to circumvent stomatal defenses for successful infection.
The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) can infect plants via stomata.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of PAMP-triggered stomatal closure as a plant defense mechanism.
To explore pathogen strategies for evading stomatal immunity.
To understand the molecular basis of Xcc stomatal penetration in Arabidopsis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of PAMP-triggered stomatal closure.
Investigation of pathogen virulence factors and signaling pathways (e.g., rpf/DSF system).
Study of plant immune responses, including MAP kinase pathways (e.g., MPK3).

Main Results:

Xcc stomatal penetration in Arabidopsis requires a molecule synthesized under the control of the rpf/DSF signaling system.
Arabidopsis MPK3 is essential for the stomatal innate immune response against PAMPs.
PAMP-triggered stomatal closure is a significant, potentially widespread, plant defense against pathogens.

Conclusions:

Stomatal closure represents an effective plant defense against microbial invasion.
Pathogen evolution includes mechanisms to overcome PAMP-triggered stomatal immunity.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for plant disease management.