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Pancreas-passaged avian encephalomyelitis virus and its immunogenicity
American Journal of Veterinary Research
|March 1, 1978
Summary
Avian encephalomyelitis virus adapted through chicken pancreas passages can be orally administered. This adapted virus infects the duodenum and pancreas but reduces spread to other organs, inducing high antibody titers without causing disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a contagious viral disease affecting young chickens.
- Current control strategies often involve live or inactivated vaccines.
- Understanding virus adaptation and host-pathogen interactions is crucial for vaccine development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To adapt avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) through serial passage in chicken pancreas.
- To evaluate the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the adapted AEV following oral administration.
- To assess the potential of this adapted virus as a vaccine candidate.
Main Methods:
- Serial passage of AEV in chicken pancreas via oral administration (34 passages).
- Oral inoculation of chickens with the passaged virus.
- Monitoring for clinical signs, viremia, and organ-specific viral distribution.
- Measurement of neutralizing antibody titers.
Main Results:
- Successful adaptation of AEV after 34 serial pancreatic passages.
- Oral inoculation with passaged virus led to rapid duodenal wall infection and persistent pancreatic infection.
- Viral invasiveness to other organs was significantly diminished.
- No detectable viremia or clinical signs of AE were observed.
- High titers of neutralizing antibodies were produced.
Conclusions:
- Serial pancreatic passage attenuates AEV, reducing its systemic invasiveness.
- The adapted AEV retains its ability to induce a strong neutralizing antibody response.
- Orally administered, pancreas-adapted AEV shows promise as a safe and effective vaccine candidate for avian encephalomyelitis.