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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

[Iatrogenic bile ducts injuries].

M Lovecek¹, R Havlík, J Klein

¹I. chirurgická klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc. mlovecek@seznam.cz

Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti

|June 3, 2010

Summary

Repairing iatrogenic bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy is complex, often requiring reconstructive surgery like hepaticojejunoanastomosis. Long-term monitoring is crucial for managing complications such as anastomotic stenosis and preventing secondary biliary cirrhosis.

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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision

Published on: May 2, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Followed by Primary Suture Using a Modified Bile Duct Incision

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Surgical Innovation
Hepatobiliary Surgery

Context:

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDI) are severe complications of cholecystectomy.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy presents unique challenges for BDI repair, including tissue loss and associated injuries.
Referrals from other hospitals highlight the complexity and severity of these cases.

Purpose:

To evaluate therapeutic strategies and outcomes for iatrogenic bile duct injuries.
To analyze the effectiveness of reconstructive surgery, specifically hepaticojejunoanastomosis with Roux-Y loop.
To assess the incidence and management of complications following BDI repair.

Summary:

Ten patients with iatrogenic BDI post-cholecystectomy underwent repair between 2005-2009.
Nine patients required biliary tract reconstruction, primarily hepaticojejunoanastomosis.
Complications included bile leaks (2), anastomotic stenosis (3), and one early death due to biliary peritonitis.

Impact:

Reconstructive surgery is vital for managing complex BDIs, offering an alternative to liver transplantation.
Hilar reconstructions carry a risk of anastomotic stenosis, necessitating vigilant monitoring and intervention.
Interdisciplinary collaboration and early radiological intervention are key to preventing liver damage and secondary biliary cirrhosis.