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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

Published on: June 9, 2016

A tunable radio-frequency magnetic probe.

B Sun¹, G Y Yuan, W G Huo

¹Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|June 3, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel tunable center-tapped transformer significantly boosts radio frequency (RF) magnetic probe output and signal-to-noise ratio. This enhancement, achieved through variable capacitance and shielding, offers an order of magnitude improvement over conventional probes.

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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Published on: February 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetics
Instrumentation

Background:

Radio frequency (RF) magnetic probes are crucial for measuring electromagnetic fields.
Improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of RF probes is essential for accurate measurements.
Conventional probes often suffer from limited output voltage and susceptibility to interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and characterize a tunable center-tapped transformer for RF magnetic probes.
To enhance the output voltage and SNR of RF magnetic probes.
To investigate methods for reducing common-to-differential conversion and electrostatic coupling.

Main Methods:

A tunable center-tapped transformer design incorporating a variable capacitor for tuning.
Implementation of a compensating capacitor to minimize common-to-differential conversion.
Integration of a planar Faraday shield to suppress electrostatic coupling.
Analytical derivations and numerical calculations using an equivalent circuit model.

Main Results:

Tuning the variable capacitor induced resonance, significantly increasing the probe's output voltage.
The optimized tunable probe demonstrated an order of magnitude higher output voltage compared to conventional probes.
The study analyzed the impact of compensating capacitance, cable length, coupling coefficient, and transformer step-up ratio on output voltage.
Effectiveness of the Faraday shield in reducing electrostatic interference was confirmed.

Conclusions:

The proposed tunable center-tapped transformer effectively enhances RF magnetic probe performance.
The design offers a substantial improvement in output voltage and SNR.
The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the probe's differential mode characteristics.