Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Advance Insulin Injection Technique and Education With FITTER Forward Expert Recommendations.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2025
Same author

Overweight and obese children with optimal control in the T1D Exchange Registry: How are they different from lean children with optimal control?

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2020
Same author

Applying digital technology to clinical trials to improve real-world outcomes.

The American journal of managed care·2018
Same author

Presymptomatic screening for autoimmune β-cell disorder: Baby steps toward prevention?

Pediatric diabetes·2018
Same author

Effective use of insulin.

Postgraduate medicine·2017
Same author

Standardizing Clinically Meaningful Outcome Measures Beyond HbA<sub>1c</sub> for Type 1 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange.

Diabetes care·2017
Same journal

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Invited Commentary: Using Large Clinical Databases.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Impact of Technology Introduction on Glycemic Control of People Living with Type 1 Diabetes in Belgium: An Observational, Real-World Study.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Differences in Achieving Stringent Glycemic Targets Among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A SWEET Registry Study.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same journal

<i>Letter:</i> "Nocturnal Hypoglycemia: Characterization with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Real-World Setting".

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Transient Benign Ketosis Is Common in Type 1 Diabetes During Very-Low Carbohydrate States: Novel Data from Continuous Ketone Sensor.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles
08:04

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles

Published on: November 3, 2023

Insulin patch pumps: their development and future in closed-loop systems.

Henry Anhalt1, Nancy J V Bohannon

  • 1Medical Affairs, Animas Corporation, 200 Lawrence Drive, West Chester, PA 19380, USA hanhalt@its.jnj.com

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|June 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial pancreas systems, combining continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps, are advancing to automate glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These systems aim to reduce hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, with patch pumps playing a key role.

More Related Videos

A Multi-Parametric Islet Perifusion System within a Microfluidic Perifusion Device
07:55

A Multi-Parametric Islet Perifusion System within a Microfluidic Perifusion Device

Published on: January 26, 2010

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles
08:04

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles

Published on: November 3, 2023

A Multi-Parametric Islet Perifusion System within a Microfluidic Perifusion Device
07:55

A Multi-Parametric Islet Perifusion System within a Microfluidic Perifusion Device

Published on: January 26, 2010

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management involves significant patient and physician concerns regarding hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
  • Current insulin delivery methods for T1DM require user input and can lead to glucose variability.
  • The development of an artificial pancreas aims to provide automated, closed-loop glucose control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in artificial pancreas development, focusing on automated closed-loop glucose control systems.
  • To describe the features of emerging patch-pump insulin delivery systems for T1DM.
  • To introduce control algorithms and their role in advanced artificial pancreas systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of approved and developing patch-pump systems for T1DM.
  • Introduction to control algorithms: proportional integrative derivative (PID) and model predictive control (MPC).
  • Discussion of advanced algorithms in clinical development of closed-loop systems.

Main Results:

  • Artificial pancreas development is progressing, integrating continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and advanced control algorithms.
  • Patch-pump systems offer a tubing-free, discreet insulin delivery method suitable for future artificial pancreas integration.
  • Advanced algorithms like PID and MPC are crucial for automated insulin delivery in closed-loop systems.

Conclusions:

  • Fully automated artificial pancreas systems hold the potential to significantly reduce glucose variability and associated patient anxiety in T1DM.
  • Patch pumps are an evolving technology likely to be incorporated into next-generation artificial pancreas solutions.
  • Continued research into advanced control algorithms is essential for the successful clinical implementation of artificial pancreas technology.