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Osmotic load from glucose polymers.

W W Koo1, D Poh, M Leong

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
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Glucose polymers in infant formula can affect osmolality, with some preparations leading to high levels at increased energy densities. This may pose risks for infants receiving hyperosmotic feeds.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Glucose polymers are carbohydrate sources with variable glucose unit chain lengths, potentially influencing osmolality.
  • Infant formulas require precise osmolality control for infant safety and optimal digestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the osmolality of commercial glucose polymers in infant formulas.
  • To compare osmolality changes in infant milk formulas with added milk powder versus glucose polymers at increased energy densities.

Main Methods:

  • Osmolality measurement of reconstituted infant formulas using freezing point depression.
  • Preparation of samples from powders to a precise weight (nearest 0.1 mg).
  • Linear regression analysis to assess osmolality variation with energy density.

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Main Results:

  • Within-batch osmolality variability was <3.5%, and between-batch variability was <9.6% for both glucose polymers.
  • Osmolality showed a linear relationship with energy density (p < 0.001), being highest in formulas with milk powder alone.
  • Significant differences in osmolality were observed between different glucose polymer preparations.

Conclusions:

  • Infant milk formulas with added milk powder or certain glucose polymers can reach high osmolality (≥450 mosm/kg) at high energy densities (≥97 kcal/dL).
  • High osmolality feeds may theoretically predispose infants to complications.
  • Careful selection of glucose polymer preparations is crucial for managing infant formula osmolality.