Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after lung resection successfully treated by coil embolization

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Thoracic Oncology
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare but life-threatening vascular complications.
• Lung cancer surgery, such as lobectomy, carries potential risks including vascular injury.
• Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing PAPs due to the high risk of rupture.

Observation:

• A 60-year-old male presented with fever and hemoptysis post-right lower lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma.
• CT scans revealed a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) after chest tube removal.
• The patient experienced recurrent fever and hemoptysis, indicating a serious complication.

Findings:

• An emergent pulmonary arteriography confirmed the presence of a PAP.
• The PAP was successfully treated using endovascular coil embolization, a minimally invasive technique.
• The patient remained disease-free from both PAP and lung cancer recurrence at six-year follow-up.

Implications:

• Endovascular coil embolization offers a less invasive and effective treatment option for PAPs compared to open repair.
• This case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring for vascular complications after thoracic surgery.
• Successful management of PAPs can significantly improve patient outcomes and survival after lung cancer treatment.