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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Ankle Joint01:10

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Shoulder instability in patients with joint hyperlaxity.

Simon M Johnson1, C Michael Robinson

  • 1Shoulder Injury Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|June 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity and glenohumeral joint instability often coexist. Nonoperative treatments are effective for most patients, while surgery offers good results for those unresponsive to conservative care.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity and glenohumeral joint instability are prevalent conditions with varied presentations.
  • These conditions can occur together, necessitating a thorough clinical evaluation as no single diagnostic test is definitive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of patients with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity and associated glenohumeral joint instability.
  • To differentiate this patient group from those with traumatic shoulder instability and discuss treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges in hyperlaxity-related instability.
  • Discussion of nonoperative and operative treatment strategies, including their efficacy and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Patients with hyperlaxity and instability typically experience recurrent subluxations rather than dislocations and multiplanar instability without typical traumatic lesions.
  • Rotator cuff impingement is a common coexisting condition.
  • Nonoperative management (physical therapy, activity modification, psychological support) is effective for most patients.
  • Surgical interventions like open and arthroscopic capsular shift/plication yield good results for refractory cases.
  • Thermal capsulorrhaphy is not recommended due to high failure and complication rates.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive clinical assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing glenohumeral joint instability in hyperlaxity.
  • Nonoperative treatment should be the first line of management, with surgical options reserved for persistent cases.
  • Open and arthroscopic capsular procedures are effective surgical treatments, while thermal capsulorrhaphy should be avoided.