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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Long-wave infrared surface plasmon grating coupler.

Justin W Cleary¹, Gautam Medhi, Robert E Peale

¹Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA.

|June 3, 2010

Summary

We developed a simple formula to design gratings for coupling long-wave infrared light to surface plasmons. The optimal grating depth for this energy conversion is 10%-15% of the wavelength.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Coupling light to surface plasmons is crucial for various photonic applications.
Designing efficient gratings for long-wave infrared (LWIR) radiation presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a simplified analytic formula for designing gratings to couple LWIR radiation to surface plasmons.
To determine the optimal grating parameters for efficient photon-to-surface-plasmon energy conversion.

Main Methods:

The study utilizes a semiempirical approach based on Hessel and Oliner's theory.
It involves finding the surface-impedance modulation amplitude as a function of grating groove depth and wavelength.
Experiments and calculations were performed for silver lamellar gratings at CO(2) laser wavelengths.

Main Results:

A simplified analytic formula for grating design is presented.
The optimum groove depth for photon-to-surface-plasmon energy conversion was determined to be approximately 10%-15% of the wavelength.
This optimal depth is significantly larger than previously reported for visible spectral ranges.

Conclusions:

The developed formula offers a practical tool for designing LWIR-to-surface-plasmon coupling gratings.
The findings provide guidance on optimizing grating geometry for enhanced energy conversion efficiency in the infrared spectrum.