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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Synthetic Condensates and Cell-Like Architectures from Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures
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Synthetic Condensates and Cell-Like Architectures from Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures

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Complementary amphiphilic ribonucleotides confined into nanostructured environments.

Ruggero Angelico1, Luigi Ambrosone, Andrea Ceglie

  • 1Consorzio per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase c/o Università del Molise (DISTAAM), v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. angelico@unimol.it

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates self-assembled structures formed by oppositely charged surfactants, cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) and nucleo-lipids (NL). A positive feedback mechanism involving adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) and uridine mono-phosphate (UMP) accelerates the formation of catanionic vesicles.

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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
08:15

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Origins of Life Research

Background:

  • Investigates the physico-chemical properties of self-assembled structures formed by oppositely charged surfactant monomers.
  • Focuses on cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) as the cationic component and nucleo-lipids (NL) as anionic monomers.
  • NLs are amphiphilic ribonucleotide derivatives synthesized in situ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time evolution of self-assembled structures formed by CTAB and NLs.
  • To analyze the formation and growth kinetics of catanionic vesicles.
  • To explore the role of complementary nucleic bases in chemical selection.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of nucleo-lipids (NL) from dodecyl epoxide (DE) and ribonucleotide mono-phosphates (AMP, UMP).
  • Characterization of NLs and reaction mixtures using mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS, MS/MS, MS(3)).
  • Monitoring of aggregate size and properties using dynamic light-scattering (DLS), electrophoretic mobility, and zeta-potential measurements.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed NL structures with varying hydroxy-dodecyl tails and time-dependent amounts.
  • Observed a positive feedback effect on reaction products in the presence of equimolar AMP and UMP.
  • Demonstrated growth of catanionic vesicles, analyzed via a kinetic model based on auto-catalytic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The physico-chemical investigation provides insights into the self-assembly of catanionic systems.
  • A kinetic model accurately describes vesicle growth and aligns with mass spectrometry data.
  • The system serves as a model for studying primitive chemical selections driven by complementary nucleic bases.