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Carbonation Shrinkage

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...

Shrinkage in Concrete

Shrinkage in Concrete

Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...

Drying Shrinkage

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Shrinky-Dink Hanging Drops: A Simple Way to Form and Culture Embryoid Bodies

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Better shrinkage than Shrinky-Dinks.

Diep Nguyen¹, Douglas Taylor, Kun Qian

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, USA.

|June 3, 2010

Summary

Researchers developed a novel shrink-induced method to create micro- and nanostructures in polyolefin films. This low-cost technique offers rapid fabrication for microfluidics and diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Microfluidics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Polyolefins are increasingly used in microfluidics for their favorable properties.
Traditional fabrication methods like hot embossing and injection molding are costly and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a rapid, low-cost shrink-induced fabrication method for polyolefin microfluidics.
To demonstrate the creation of micro- and nanostructures using commodity polyolefin films.

Main Methods:

Application of a shrink-induced approach to cross-linked polyolefin thin films.
Utilizing multi-layered films that undergo significant size reduction (up to 95%).

Main Results:

Achieved uniform shrinkage of polyolefin films, surpassing previous methods.
Successfully created unique microstructures, enhanced microarray feature density, and induced self-assembled metallic nanostructures.
Demonstrated rapid and easy fabrication of complex structures.

Conclusions:

The shrink-induced method provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative for fabricating polyolefin microfluidic devices.
This technique holds potential for low-cost microfluidic prototyping and point-of-care diagnostics.
Commodity polyolefin films can be transformed into advanced micro/nanostructured materials.