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Rotaviruses from Canadian farm samples.

Safaa Lamhoujeb1, Angela Cook, Frank Pollari

  • 1Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir FG Banting Research Centre, P.L. 2204E, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

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Animal rotavirus strains in Canadian livestock show active evolution, with some porcine strains mixing human and animal gene segments. This highlights the need for integrated surveillance of animal and human rotavirus strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Public Health Microbiology

Background:

  • Rotavirus (RoV) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide.
  • Animal rotaviruses can potentially transmit to humans and contribute to the genetic diversity of circulating strains.
  • Surveillance of animal rotavirus strains is crucial for understanding viral evolution and potential zoonotic risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the genetic diversity of rotavirus strains detected in Canadian swine and dairy cattle.
  • To identify novel genotypes or reassortment events in animal rotaviruses.
  • To assess the implications of animal rotavirus evolution for public health surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence analysis of key rotavirus genes (VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4) from 15 animal rotavirus strains.
  • Genotyping of detected rotavirus strains.
  • Comparative analysis of viral segments to identify mixed origins and novel genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of 15 animal rotavirus strains from Canadian farms.
  • Identification of porcine rotavirus strains containing a mix of human and animal-typical gene segments.
  • Discovery of a novel VP6 genotype (I14) in one porcine strain, designated G2-P[27]-I14.
  • Detection of multiple different segment types among porcine rotavirus strains, indicating significant genetic diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Animal rotavirus strains, particularly in swine, exhibit active evolution and genetic reassortment.
  • The presence of mixed human-animal gene segments underscores the potential for interspecies transmission and complex evolutionary dynamics.
  • Continuous surveillance of both animal and human rotavirus strains is essential for effective public health monitoring and control strategies.