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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Vaccine Production

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

[Study progress on serogroup B meningococcal vaccine].

Zhu-jun Shao¹, Yi-xing Li

¹Institute of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.

Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi

|June 4, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Meningococcal disease remains a threat, but vaccines targeting serogroups A, C, W135, and Y are effective. Research is advancing serogroup B vaccines using protein-based strategies and reverse vaccinology.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

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Published on: November 5, 2019

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Context:

Meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), is a significant infectious disease with high mortality.
Current vaccines are available for serogroups A, C, W135, and Y, but serogroup B remains a challenge due to vaccine development hurdles.

Purpose:

To review the development of vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis, focusing on challenges and advancements in serogroup B vaccine development.
To highlight the shift towards protein-based vaccines and reverse vaccinology for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B.

Summary:

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) causes a life-threatening infectious disease. While polysaccharide-based vaccines are effective against several serogroups, serogroup B vaccine development has been hindered by poor immunogenicity and molecular mimicry concerns.
Recent advancements in reverse vaccinology and outer membrane protein research have accelerated the development of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines.
Several serogroup B meningococcal vaccines have demonstrated favorable immunogenicity and efficacy, with some now licensed and in use.

Impact:

The development of effective serogroup B meningococcal vaccines addresses a critical unmet need in disease prevention.
Advancements in reverse vaccinology offer a promising platform for developing vaccines against other challenging pathogens.
Increased vaccine availability for serogroup B will contribute to reducing the global burden of meningococcal disease.