Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures
Published on: October 3, 2016
Basic personnel tools to help ensure a future public health and environmental laboratory workforce
John M DeBoy1, Patrick Luedtke, Nancy Warren
1Laboratories Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. deboyj@dhmh.state.md.us
Abstract:
Competition is growing in the United States for a shrinking national pool of qualified laboratory scientists. Public health and environmental laboratories (PHELs) must address this problem using a range of strategies and tools to ensure that a highly technical workforce of PHEL scientists is available in the future. One of these tools is the use of common personnel standards involving job titles and definitions, job classifications and minimum qualifications, and multi-step career paths. This article explains in detail the need for structure and use of common, basic personnel standards in developing and retaining a national workforce of PHEL scientists.
Related Concept Videos
Standard Precaution
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Key Techniques in Microbiology
Personal Protective Equipment
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

