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Related Concept Videos

Law of Rational Indices01:29

Law of Rational Indices

The Law of rational indices is a fundamental principle in the field of crystallography. According to this law, the intercepts of a crystal face along the crystallographic axes (the three-dimensional axes along which a crystal is measured) can be expressed as either equivalent to the unit intercepts (a, b, c) or simple whole number multiples of them. These multiples are typically denoted as na, n'b, and n''c, where n, n', and n'' are simple whole numbers.To illustrate, consider a crystal with...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Negative-index metamaterials: looking into the unit cell.

Matteo Burresi1, Daniela Diessel, Dries van Oosten

  • 1Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. burresi@lens.unifi.it

Nano Letters
|June 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Metamaterials show promise for applications like superlensing. However, near the material, extreme optical phase variations were observed, deviating from homogeneous behavior on a nanoscale. This impacts precise nanostructure applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Metamaterials are nanostructured materials with unique electromagnetic properties.
  • Applications like superlensing and cloaking assume metamaterials behave as homogeneous media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the near-field optical phase behavior of a negative index metamaterial.
  • To determine the length scale over which metamaterials deviate from homogeneous behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a phase-sensitive near-field microscope.
  • Measured optical phase as a function of distance from the metamaterial sample.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant spatial phase variations within a single unit cell of the metamaterial.
  • These large phase variations diminished within 200 nm of the sample surface.

Conclusions:

  • State-of-the-art metamaterials exhibit non-homogeneous behavior at the nanoscale.
  • These deviations are critical for understanding and designing nanoscale optical applications.