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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Unrecognized bladder perforation with mid-urethral slings.

Charlotte Foley¹, Prasad Patki, Greg Boustead

¹Department of Urology, Lister Hospital Stevenage, Stevenage, UK.

BJU International

|June 4, 2010

Summary

Late bladder perforation from mid-urethral synthetic slings is rare but serious. Management involves endoscopic or open surgery, with most patients experiencing symptom resolution but recurrent stress urinary incontinence.

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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Mid-urethral synthetic slings are common for stress urinary incontinence.
Late bladder perforation by these slings is a rare but significant complication.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a series of women with late bladder perforation after mid-urethral synthetic sling placement.
To discuss the management and outcomes of this rare complication.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of nine women with urinary symptoms post-sling placement.
Analysis of presenting symptoms, diagnostic findings, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

Presentations occurred 8 weeks to 18 months post-sling.
Common symptoms included dysuria, recurrent UTIs, frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.
Seven patients developed bladder calculi on exposed mesh.
Management involved cystoscopy, transurethral resection (TUR), and in two cases, open surgery.
All patients had symptom resolution, but recurrent stress urinary incontinence was universal post-treatment.

Conclusions:

Unrecognized tape perforation/erosion should be suspected in women with persistent post-sling symptoms.
Bladder stones frequently form on exposed mesh within 3 months.
Endoscopic resection is often effective for intravesical tape removal.
While cystoscopy is recommended, it doesn't prevent perforations in inexperienced hands.