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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Frontal white matter abnormalities following chronic ketamine use: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Yanhui Liao1, Jinsong Tang, Mingdong Ma

  • 1Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|June 4, 2010
PubMed
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Chronic ketamine use causes white matter abnormalities in the brain, particularly in frontal and temporoparietal regions. These changes correlate with the severity of ketamine abuse, suggesting a microstructural basis for cognitive impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Ketamine abuse negatively impacts brain function, but mechanisms of dependence-induced changes are unclear.
  • Evidence suggests white matter alterations in drug abuse, yet specific studies on chronic ketamine users are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter abnormalities in individuals with chronic ketamine dependence.
  • To explore the relationship between ketamine use severity and white matter integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) to measure white matter volumes.
  • Compared 41 ketamine-dependent subjects with 44 drug-free healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

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  • Identified white matter changes in bilateral frontal and left temporoparietal cortices in chronic ketamine users.
  • Found a correlation between frontal white matter fractional anisotropy and estimated total ketamine consumption, indicating dose-dependent effects.
  • Observed abnormalities in white matter microstructure associated with prolonged ketamine use.

    • Conclusions:

    • Provided direct evidence for dose-dependent white matter abnormalities in specific brain regions following chronic ketamine use.
    • Suggested a microstructural basis for cognitive and experiential changes linked to prolonged ketamine exposure.
    • Highlighted similarities between ketamine-induced changes and those in chronic schizophrenia, with implications for the glutamate model of schizophrenia.