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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis

Published on: April 2, 2020

S100A4 regulates macrophage chemotaxis.

Zhong-Hua Li¹, Natalya G Dulyaninova, Reniqua P House

¹Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

|June 4, 2010

Summary

The S100A4 protein regulates macrophage movement in normal physiology. Mice lacking S100A4 show impaired macrophage recruitment to inflammation sites, highlighting its role in immune cell chemotaxis.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

S100A4, a calcium-binding protein, is known for its role in tumor metastasis.
It is also expressed in normal cells, including immune cells like macrophages.
The physiological function of S100A4 in normal tissues remained largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of S100A4 in normal physiological processes.
To determine the contribution of S100A4 to macrophage function and immune responses.

Main Methods:

Generation of S100A4-deficient (S100A4(-/-)) mice using gene targeting.
Assessment of macrophage recruitment to inflammatory sites in vivo.
In vitro analysis of primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from S100A4(-/-) mice, including chemotactic motility assays.
Examination of cellular protrusions, myosin-IIA assembly, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling.

Main Results:

S100A4(-/-) mice are viable and show no overt abnormalities.
A significant impairment in macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation was observed in S100A4(-/-) mice.
S100A4(-/-) BMMs exhibited defective chemotactic motility, unstable protrusions, and altered signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

S100A4 is a crucial regulator of physiological macrophage motility.
The protein plays a significant role in mediating macrophage recruitment and chemotaxis in vivo.
These findings reveal a novel physiological function for S100A4 beyond its known role in cancer metastasis.