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Changes in serum lipid levels during pregnancy in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects

Christian S Göbl1, Ammon Handisurya, Katharina Klein

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Diabetes Care
|June 4, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Pregnancy lipid profiles differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Elevated maternal triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol predict large-for-gestational-age infants, regardless of glucose control.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Maternal lipid metabolism impacts fetal development and offspring's long-term cardiovascular health.
  • Diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes, pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes) significantly alters metabolic profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare maternal serum lipid profiles in pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes versus type 2 diabetes.
  • To identify lipid-related predictors for adverse neonatal outcomes, specifically large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 173 pregnancies with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with data collected pre-conception, throughout gestation, and post-delivery.
  • Comparison group: 137 healthy pregnancies at the third trimester (V3).
  • Analysis of serum lipid concentrations (triglycerides, HDL cholesterol) and their association with neonatal anthropometrics.

Main Results:

  • Type 2 diabetic pregnancies exhibited less pronounced increases in serum lipid concentrations during gestation compared to type 1.
  • At the third trimester, lipid levels in type 1 diabetic women were similar to, but significantly higher than, those in type 2 diabetic women.
  • Elevated maternal triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol at the third trimester were significant predictors of LGA newborns.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy is associated with smaller alterations in serum lipid concentrations for mothers with type 2 diabetes compared to type 1.
  • Maternal triglyceride levels show a positive association with LGA infants, independent of glycemic control during pregnancy.
Abstract

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