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Shaping mobile belts by small-scale convection.

Claudio Faccenna¹, Thorsten W Becker

¹Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche, University Roma TRE, 00146 Rome Italy. faccenna@uniroma3.it

|June 4, 2010

Summary

Mantle convection significantly influences tectonic activity in mobile belts like the Mediterranean. This study uses seismic tomography to show how mantle flow explains microplate motion and dynamic topography.

Area of Science:

Geophysics
Tectonics
Geodynamics

Background:

Mobile belts are extensive deformation zones within continental convergent margins, characterized by numerous microplates.
The Mediterranean region exemplifies a mobile belt with a diffuse plate boundary between Nubia and Eurasia, exhibiting complex tectonic features.
While microplate kinematics are understood, the dynamic drivers of Mediterranean tectonics, particularly mantle convection, remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of mantle convection in driving tectonic processes within the Mediterranean mobile belt.
To explore how buoyancy-driven and plate-motion-induced mantle circulation contribute to observed dynamic topography and microplate movements.
To assess the broader implications of small-scale mantle convection for other complex mobile belts globally.

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Main Methods:

Global mantle flow computations based on high-resolution seismic tomography data.
Analysis of seismic data to infer mantle circulation patterns beneath the Mediterranean region.
Modeling to link mantle flow dynamics with surface tectonic expressions like dynamic topography and microplate motion.

Main Results:

Mantle flow patterns provide a compelling explanation for observed dynamic topography in the Mediterranean.
The computed mantle circulation effectively accounts for the independent motion of microplates within the region.
Evidence suggests vigorous small-scale convection in the uppermost mantle plays a crucial role.

Conclusions:

Mantle convection is a key factor in understanding the dynamics of the Mediterranean mobile belt, explaining both topography and microplate behavior.
The findings highlight the importance of considering mantle flow in addition to crustal and lithospheric interactions for mobile belt evolution.
This research provides a framework for understanding similar complex tectonic settings, such as the North American Cordillera and the Himalayan-Tibetan collision zone.