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Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Polymorphism and structural defects in Li(2)FeSiO(4).

Adrien Boulineau1, Chutchamon Sirisopanaporn, Robert Dominko

  • 1Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|June 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium iron silicate (Li(2)FeSiO(4)) exhibits complex crystal structures. This study identified two polymorphs, including a new high-temperature form with displaced lithium cations, crucial for lithium battery development.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Lithium iron silicate (Li(2)FeSiO(4)) is a promising cathode material for lithium batteries.
  • Its crystal chemistry is complex due to cation ordering in tetrahedral sites.
  • Structural defects can significantly impact material properties and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystal chemistry and structural defects of Li(2)FeSiO(4) synthesized at different temperatures.
  • To isolate and characterize different polymorphs of Li(2)FeSiO(4).
  • To understand cation ordering and displacement in Li(2)FeSiO(4) structures.

Main Methods:

  • Ceramic synthesis of Li(2)FeSiO(4) at 700, 800, and 900 degrees C.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
  • Electron microscopy for detailed structural investigation.

Main Results:

  • Two polymorphs of Li(2)FeSiO(4) were isolated and characterized.
  • A new high-temperature polymorph (space group Pmnb or P2(1)/n) was identified, showing lithium cation displacement.
  • Synthesis at 700 degrees C yielded defect-free low-temperature polymorph crystals, while higher temperatures resulted in intergrowths.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis temperature critically influences the polymorph formation and defect concentration in Li(2)FeSiO(4).
  • The newly identified polymorph offers insights into cation mobility and ordering.
  • Understanding these structural variations is key for optimizing Li(2)FeSiO(4) for battery applications.