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Related Experiment Videos

Elevated urinary free cortisol in patients with dementia.

K Maeda1, K Tanimoto, T Terada

  • 1Hyogo Institute for Research in Adult Diseases, Himeji.

Neurobiology of Aging
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Elevated urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels are linked to dementia, regardless of type. This finding suggests UFC may serve as a biological marker for diagnosing dementia and indicates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is implicated in stress response and has been studied in relation to dementia.
  • Previous research has explored hormonal changes in dementia patients, but findings on HPA axis activity remain inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) compared to non-demented elderly individuals.
  • To determine if urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels, along with dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results, correlate with dementia severity and etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) in patients with DAT, MID, and controls.

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  • Administered the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and measured post-DST plasma cortisol levels.
  • Correlated hormonal levels and DST results with cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly elevated UFC levels were observed in demented patients compared to non-demented controls.
    • No significant difference in UFC levels was found between DAT and MID patients.
    • UFC levels correlated with post-DST plasma cortisol and MMSE scores in demented patients, while 17-OHCS did not show significant correlations.

    Conclusions:

    • HPA axis activation is associated with dementia, irrespective of its specific etiology.
    • Urinary free cortisol (UFC) may serve as a valuable biological marker for dementia diagnosis.
    • The study highlights the potential of UFC measurement in the clinical assessment of dementia.