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Chemical Equations

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...

Hess's Law

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.

Reaction Stoichiometry

Reaction Stoichiometry

A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. These quantitative relationships are known as the reaction’s...

Limiting Reactant

Limiting Reactant

The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Gas Solubility

Gas Solubility

Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...

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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

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Published on: August 17, 2018

[VO(SeO(3))(H(2)O)(2)].0.5H(2)O.

William T A Harrison¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. w.harrison@abdn.ac.uk

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications

|June 5, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel vanadium-selenium compound, revealing ladder-like chains formed by V-O-Se bonds and hydrogen bonding. The structure is similar to previously reported vanadium-based phases.

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Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

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Published on: November 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Crystal Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Vanadium-selenium compounds exhibit diverse structural motifs and properties.
Understanding the synthesis and structure of novel inorganic materials is crucial for developing new applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of poly[[diaquaoxido[mu(3)-trioxidoselenato(2-)]vanadium(IV)] hemihydrate], {[VO(SeO(3))(H(2)O)(2)].0.5H(2)O}(n).
To characterize the bonding and structural features of this new vanadium-selenium compound.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
Analysis of coordination environments and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding) was performed.

Main Results:

The crystal structure features octahedral V(H(2)O)(2)O(4) and pyramidal SeO(3) units linked by V-O-Se bonds.
Ladder-like chains propagating along the [010] direction were identified.
A network of O-H...O hydrogen bonds consolidates the structure, with an uncoordinated water molecule on a crystallographic twofold axis.

Conclusions:

The title compound, poly[[diaquaoxido[mu(3)-trioxidoselenato(2-)]vanadium(IV)] hemihydrate], possesses a unique ladder-chain structure.
Its structural characteristics are comparable to related vanadium-selenium and vanadium-phosphate compounds, offering insights into structure-property relationships.