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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Spectrogoniometer for measuring planetary surface materials at small phase angles.

B J Buratti, W D Smythe, R M Nelson

    Applied Optics
    |June 5, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The opposition effect, a brightness surge on airless bodies, is linked to surface properties. New measurements show this effect is not limited to dark, porous regolith, challenging existing models for compacted surfaces.

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    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Surface Physics
    • Optical Astronomy

    Background:

    • Airless celestial bodies display an anomalous brightness increase when fully illuminated, known as the opposition effect.
    • This phenomenon is typically attributed to the reduction of mutual shadowing between regolith particles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the amplitude and angular dependence of the opposition effect.
    • To determine the influence of regolith porosity and albedo on the opposition effect.
    • To test existing shadowing models against experimental data.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the JPL spectrogoniometer with collimated laser light and a pellicle beam splitter.
    • Measured samples with controlled porosity and albedo down to 0 degrees.
    • Applied a computer program based on a shadowing model to fit the measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Observed that dark, porous surfaces are not the sole contributors to large opposition surges.
    • Found good agreement between measurements and the shadowing model for porous surfaces.
    • Noted that the model underpredicts the brightness increase for compacted surfaces below 3 degrees.

    Conclusions:

    • The opposition effect's characteristics depend on regolith properties beyond just porosity and albedo.
    • Existing shadowing models require refinement to accurately describe the opposition effect on compacted surfaces.
    • Further research is needed to understand the opposition effect in various surface types.