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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization
08:19

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Published on: December 11, 2014

Materials developments for write-once and erasable phase-change optical recording.

D J Gravesteijn

    Applied Optics
    |June 5, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Amorphous indium antimonide (InSb) and gallium antimonide (GaSb) films enable rapid optical data recording. Adding tellurium (Te) to InSb allows for erasable optical recording with high carrier-to-noise ratios, suitable for compact disk (CD) technologies.

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Data Storage Technologies

    Background:

    • Amorphous semiconductor films like InSb and GaSb exhibit rapid crystallization near their melting points.
    • This property is foundational for write-once optical recording applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of InSb and GaSb amorphous films for optical data recording.
    • To explore methods for achieving erasable optical recording using these materials.
    • To evaluate the performance of modified InSb films under compact disk (CD) recording conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of stoichiometric amorphous InSb and GaSb thin films.
    • Thermal annealing experiments to determine crystallization times.
    • Modification of InSb films by adding tellurium (Te).
    • Optical recording and readout experiments under CD conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Stoichiometric InSb and GaSb films demonstrated crystallization times under 15 nanoseconds (ns).
    • Addition of Te to InSb enabled tunable crystallization, facilitating erasable optical recording with a 1-micrometer erase spot.
    • Achieved carrier-to-noise ratios exceeding 50 dB under CD recording conditions.
    • Demonstrated feasibility of CD-type run-length-limited encoding at user bit densities below 0.6 micrometers per bit.

    Conclusions:

    • Amorphous InSb and GaSb films are suitable for high-speed write-once optical recording.
    • Tellurium-modified InSb offers a viable route to erasable optical recording media.
    • The developed erasable medium meets performance requirements for advanced CD-type data storage applications.